Motor.



N0. 679,876. Pented Aug. 6, |90l.

` J. E. BLAKE.`

MOTOR.

(Applicntion me@ lar. 2B, 1901.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheot l.

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" www ma mams man co. Mmmm. WASHINGTON. DA a no. 679,876. 'Patented Aug. s, lem.

J. E. BLAKE.

MOTOR.

(Application filed Mar. 26, 1901.)

(No M'odel.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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No. 679,876. Patented Aug. 6,1901.

J. E. BLAKE.

MDTOR.

(Appxicmnn med mr. 26, 1901.) l (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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UNITED STATES PATENT FFIOE.

Y JOHN E. BLAKE,- OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 679,876, dated August 6, 1901. Application filed March 26, 1901. Serial No. 52,909. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. BLAKE, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of New York city, borough of Manhattan, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in motors adapted for use with steam, air, gas, or any other liquid or fluid pressure or power, whether appliedexpansively, explosively, or Otherwiseand whether the motor is intended for use in the propulsion of vehicles or transportation facilities or for driving machinery or forother purposes in the arts and sciences, the object of the invention being to provide a more eicient, economical, and satisfactory motor than has heretofore been possible with known constructions and combinations of mechanism. i

The invention consists, essentially, in a multiple arrangement of cylinders containing pistons connected together by a novel arrangement of valve-carrying yokes, through which the power generated by the movementj of the pistonis applied by means of mechan` ical connections to a single common drivingshaft, the whole being arranged in a compact1 form within a suitably-shaped casing, which carries the supplydevi'ces for furnishing the1 requisite iiuid or other pressure to the cylin-` ders; and the invention furthermore consists in manifold details in the construction, arrangement, and combination of the various mechanical parts, substantially as will be hereinafter more fully described and then pointed out specificallyin the ensuing clauses of the claim.

In the annexed drawings, illustrating myr invention, Figure l is a vertical sectional view of my improved motor. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectionalelevation on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a rear face elevation.` Fig. 4 is an outside edge View or elevatiom Fig. 5 is a sectional detail View of one of the cylinders, its piston, piston-yoke, release-A valve, and other parts, all represented on an Fig. 6 is an enlarged detaili enlarged scale. View, in partial section, ofthe crank-shaft, its cranks, crank-pin, dro. Fig. 7 is an edge View of the two ai r-pumps employed in connection with my improved motor, one for compressi which operates the Valve-opening levers for controlling the supply of air and liquid or fluid pressure to the'cylinders. Fig. 9 is a sectional View of the same. Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional View of a supply-valve and its casing.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts throughout all the dierent figures ofthe drawings.-

My improved motor has a frame that consists, essentially, of a circular or cylindrical band or ring l, and for the sake of lightness this, as well as the other parts of the motorsuch of them as will admit of it-may be of aluminium, although I reserve the liberty of making them of such metal as may be foundmost advantageous.

I wish to suggest that a very high efficiency may be attained with my improved motor, even though the ring l is not more than a `foot or two in diameter and only a few inches `in width and the other part-s of the motor correspondingly proportioned, for the compact and novel combination allows of the development of exceedingly large power in small space.

One of the open sides of the frame 1 is covered by a skeleton frame 5, having a bearing at its center to support one end of the driveshaft 6. The other side of frame l has a skeleton casting 2, which'likewise provides a central bearing for the other end of the drive-shaft 6 and also furnishes substantial.

stiffness and strength to the ring l by reason of the soldity and thickness of its construcreinforce and strengthen the edges of the openings, and into the said openings from IOO the interior of the ring"1 are screwed a series of open-ended cylinders, while from the outvsecured to the cranks 7 7.

side or exterior of the ring 1 screw-threaded plates or heads are screwed into the same openings tightly up against the abutting ends of the cylinders, said screw-threaded heads carrying the supply-valve devices. The cylinders therefore lie diametrically opposite to each other and on the radii of the ring 1. These cylinders in the present example of the invention are designated A, A', A2, and A3. The screwv -threaded valve carrying heads of these'c-ylinders are denoted, respectively, B, l', B2, and B8. The inner ends of the cylinders are open to the atmosphere, not having any heads. Within the cylinders A, A', A2, and AB are respectively the pistons a, a', a2, and as. Cylinders A and A2 are opposite to each other and cylinders A' and AS are opposite to each other. The pistons a a. a2 a3 are respectively provided with pistonrods O C' C2 C8, the inner ends of these rods spreading out into a yoke form and those adjacent to each other being secured together. Thus the piston-rods C and C2, belonging to pistons ct Aand a2, have their inner yoked ends secured together' by bolts CZ d, thus forming a central yoke D, having therein la slot D',

the direction of which is at right angles to the axes of the cylinders A and A2, and also the rods C and C3, belonging to the pistons a' and as, have their inner yoked ends secured together by means of bolts e e, thereby forming an inner yoke E, which has a slot E', the direction of which is at right angles to the axes of the cylinders A' and A5. yokes D and E are closely adjacent to each other, and the slots D and E likewise overlap each other, so that their planes of travel are closely contiguous. i

The drive-shaft 6 has the crank-arms 7 7,

through which passes the cran k-pin S, having thereon square shoulders 13 13,that enter correspondingly-shaped recesses in the cranks 7 7, there being nuts 12 12 on the projecting screwtl1readed ends of' the pin 8, so that in this way said pin is rigidly and non-rotative] y vthe pin 8 is a cam 9, integral therewith or rigidly cast thereon.l At each side of cam 9, between it and the adjacent crank 7, is a friction sleeve or ring 10 on the one side and 1l on the other side. The friction-sleeve l0 is located in the slot E' of yoke E and the friction-sleeve 11 in the slot D' of yoke D,;while the cam 9 lies partly within the slot D' and partly within the slot E'. It will be observed that the edges of the slots D and E are rabbeted, as shown at 47 in Fig. 5, and the cam oper- The At the center of motor is in operation. 19-that is to say, the salient part of the cam-is preferably placed at an acute angle its duty in connection" with the valves re ferred to. l i

Each of the pistons o., a', 0.2, and n.3 is perforated at the center with an opening 53, that functions as a port to provide an escape or release for the pressure in advance of the face of the piston while the latter is on its return stroke. On the `side of the piston nearest the cylinder-head is a valve 18,adapt ed at times to close the port 53. Valve 18 is provided with a valve-rod 17, which is supported in guides 52 52 on the piston-rod, and the inner end of the valve-rod 17-that is, the end nearest the center of the mechanism-is provided with an integral or Xedly-attached plate 19, arranged and adapted to slide in a recess in the side of the yoke D or E, as the case may be, said plate 19 having an edge which is at right angles to the vdirection of the valve-rod 17, and which edge is adjacent to the slot D' or E', as the case may be, and on which edge the cam 9 operates through the rotation of the crank-shaft for the purpose of lnoving the slide 19, and consequently opening the valve 1S. A spring 2O is tensioned between shoulders on the yoke that carries slide 19 and a pin 56 on said slide for the purpose of normally forcing the slide 19 toward the cam or into the position in which the valve 18 will be closed upon its seat and-the passages 53 covered. Accordingly it will be understood that each piston has a centrallylocated valve the function of which is to permit the escape of pressure from the advancing side of the piston on the return stroke, that these valves are controlled by the action of a single cam which works against the edges of the four slides 19 belonging to the four valves, two of which slides are contiguous `to the slot D' of yoke D and the other two to the slot E' of yoke4 E, two of which are at right angles to the other twee-that is to` say, two are horizontal and the other two are perpendicular-if the motor happens to be in a position where certain of the cylinders `are IOO IIO

vertical, and that the cam in the rotation of the 'crank-shaft moves from one straightedged slide 19to each of the others in a constant and unending succession so long as the The point of the cam to the vertical line of the cranks 7as itl has been found in actual practice that the best results are attainable with the cam-point so situated. l

It has already been stated that the inner ends of the cylinders are open. It must likewise be particularly noted that each cylinder 2 and the thin circular cover 3, which :is indicated in Fig. 2 and which is conveniently employed for the purpose of covering one side of the frame, is a cam-wheel14, consisting of a circular disk in the periphery of whichis cut a path 15, which lies in a plane at right angles to the axis of wheel 14, excepting at one poi nt 16,where the path deiiects and forms an offset or irregularity in the path which is suicient to furnish a laterally-acting cam effect upon the ends of a series ofl levers 25, as many in number as there are cylinders, said levers being for the purpose of actuating the supply-valves for the cylinders. These levers 25 are pivoted on short studs 26, and the ends thatf are engaged by the cam-path 15 16 are furnished with small antifrictionrollers 27. Obviously as the wheel 14 rotates whenever the oset part 16 of the camgroove receives the end of one of the levers it will vibrate said lever and in consequence shift the valve att-ached to the outermost end of the lever. To the outer end of each of these levers is pivoted a valve-rod 23, which enters a valve-casing 21. At the center of each of the cylinder-heads B, B', B2, and BB is an orifice or perforation 50, into which projects the vaporizer-nozzle 22, formed integral with and projecting from the valve-casing 21, there which I have just mentioned.

being one of these casings bolted or otherwise firmly secured to each of the cylinder-heads Passing around the ring or band 1 and embracing it quiteclosely are two or more-tubes or pipes 28 and 29. One, as 28, is an oil-supply pipe and the other, as 29, is an air-supply pipe. These pipes pass through the several valve-casings 21, within which they are furnished with orifices to allow the outlet into the interior of said 'casings 21 of the respective contents of the pipes, and these contents are conveyed through the vaporizer-nozzles 22 into the cylinders, the iiow of the vaporized oil and the air being controlled by the valves 23, already alluded to. The oil-pipe 28 leads from the gasolene-reservoir 45, and the airpipe 29 leads from the compressed-air tank 46.

On the drive-shaft 6, alongside of the camwheel14, is an eccentric 31. This engages the shoulders 32 on an angular plate 30, which embraces the eccentric 31, as shown in Fig. 7,V and which is slotted, as shown inA Fig. 3, to permit thepassage through it of the shaft 6. The angular plate 30 carries-at one end a rod 34, attached to a piston 35, Working in a cylinder 36, and at the other end it carries arod 33, attached to a piston 37,Working in a cylinder 38, both cylinders 36 and 38 beingopem ended at one end. The cylinder 38 is prefer-` ably of' greater diameter and shorter length than the cylinder 36.. These two cylinders and their pistons constitute two pumps, the smaller, as 36, being a pump to supply airto the gasolene-reservoir, so that oil-in the latter may be forced under pressure through the pipe 28 to theV supply-valve and the vaporizg ing devices. The cylinder 38 4and its piston have theA function of acting as a pump to compress air into the air-reservoir, whence it is removed for use in making the explosive mixture by means of the conveying-tube 29. On the wall of cylinder 36 is an elbow or coupling 39, and on the wall of the cylinder 38 is a similar elbow or coupling 40. One end of the coupling 39 admits air from the atmosphere, and at the point of entry there is a ball checkvalve, while the other end of coupling 39 is connected to apipe running to the gasolenereservoir,and at this point of connection there is another ball check-valve. These two ballvalves allow of such an operation of thepump that the piston 35 may by suction draw in air from the atmosphere on one stroke and at the next stroke may force it out of the cylinder 36 and compress it into the gasolene-reservoir. The coupling 40 is similarly provided with a couple of check-valves, and air is similarly compressed by the piston 3.7 and driven from the cylinder 38 into the airreservoir 46.

In referring to the way in which an explosive mixture is introduced into the cylinders it is assumed, of course, that the motor is to be employed as an explosive-motor; but it will be understood that this is only one use of it and that it may equally well be used with steam, air, or other fluid pressure without any material alteration` in its const-ruction and the arrangement of the various parts. will be necessary to equip each of the cylinders with some suitable igniting devices, an example of which is indicated at 58'in the drawings; but as no claim is made thereto herein it is unnecessary to explain the construction of the igniting in detail. When Athe motor is used with steam, air, or other iuid pressure, immaterial modifications and readjustments will obviously be desirable; but these will not necessitate going outside of the legitimate scope of the claims fhereto appended. r

From the foregoing description of the construction of the various parts the operation of the motor will be evident. As has been seen, the pistons move in pairs, and in the case of the use of the invention as a gas-motor the explosions will take place -upon `each piston in succession. After the explosive mixture has been introduced into the end of a cylinder and compressed therein and the spark applied the ensuing explosion will drive the piston to the opposite end of its stroke, and when it passes the exhaust-port. 4 the spent products of the explosion will escape through said port to the atmosphere, or will `very nearly escape, only a small amount being left remaining in the cylinder. When the piston begins its return stroke and passes the port 4, the valve-operating cam will begin to open the release or back-pressure valve 18, and this will be kept open during about two-thirds of the return movement of the piston, thereby allowing the contents. of the cylinder on the advancing side of thepiston,

When used as an explosive-motor, it

IOS

IIO

applied, the explosion will ensue, and the piston will again be driven on its working stroke. This operation will take place with each of the four pistons in succession, and the power generated by the movement of each piston will be applied to the common crank-shaft, from which it mayl be imparted 'to such driven machine as it may be connected with.

It will be preminently manifest that my present motor is well adapted because of its compactness and efficiency for use in actuating automobile carriages. I mention this simply as one of a variety of uses to which it may be put. It may be operatedwith Agreat satisfaction in the propulsion of light machinery, and it may be connected for use with a multitude of different kinds of mechanisms to be driven.

Many changes in the exact construction and combination may be made Without departing from the invention, as I have described, and I reserve the liberty 'of varying from the precise embodiment herein set forth so far as the claims will admit. The motor is well adapted for use in marine service for the propulsion of boats.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a motor, the combination with a central revolving crank-shaft, of a series of radially-disposed relatively stationary cylinders, valve-provided pistons therein, pistonrods for connecting the pistons in pairs, said rods traveling across the face of each other, a cam on the crank of the shaft, and releasevalves carried by the pistons and operated by the cam.

2. In a motor, the combination with a central revolving crank-shaft, of a series of radially-disposed relatively stationary cylinders, valve-provided pistons therein, pistonrods that connect the pistons in pairs, saidrods being provided with elongated slots at right angles to their axes which slots are engaged by the crank-pin on the shaft, a valveoperating cam on the crank-pin, and supplyvalves for introducing the impelling pressure into the cylinders.

3. Ina motor, the combination with a shaft, of a series of radially-disposed cylinders, pistons therein, piston-rods connecting the pistons into pairs, said rods having elongated slots at right angles to their axes, a crankpin carried by the cranksvon the shaft and engaging the slots, release-valves carried by the pistons and having valve-rods whose ends are in proximity to the aforesaid slots, and a cam on the crank-pin which operates upon the said valve-rods.

4. In a motor, the combination with a shaft, of a series of radially-disposed cylinders, pistons therein, piston-rodshaving right-angled slots, a crank-pin supported by the shaft and engaging the slots, valves inthe pistons having valve-rods, a cam rigid on the crank-pin and actuating the valve-rods, and valves for supplying an explosive or other impelling mixture to the cylinders.

5. In a motor, the combination of a shaft, the cylinders, pistons therein,pistonrods connecting the pistons in pairs, a crank-pin on the crank of the shaft, which pin engages the piston-rods, valves in the pistons, a cam on the crank-pin for actuating the valves, supply-valve devices for introducing the impelling pressure into the cylinders, a series of levers for operating said valve devices successively, and a cam-wheel on the main shaft that engages and vibrates the aforesaid levers.

6. In a motor,the combination with an openended cylinder and a supply-valve device at.

one end, of a piston within the cylinder, said piston having a port, a valve controlling said port, said valve having a valve-rod, a pistonrod connected to the piston and having a yoke providing a slot at right angles to the pistonrod, a slide belonging to the valve-rod and having its edge parallel to the yoke-slot, a crank-shaft, a cam thereon operating in connection with the slide and a valve-closing spring. 7. In a motor, the combination with a crankshaft, having a single crank-pin, of a series of cylinders, pistons therein, rods connecting the pistons in pairs, and a cam on the crankpin engaging said rods.

8. In a motor, the combination with a shaft having asingle crank, of a series of cylinders, pistons therein, rods connecting the pistons in pairs, valves carried by the pistons and a single cam on the crank-for engaging and actuating the valves. v

9. In a motor, the combination with a shaft having a crank,of the cylinders,pistons therein, rods connecting the pistons, valves carried by the pistons, said valves having rods, slides belonging to these rods, sprin gs for clos ing the valves, and a cam on the crank for opening the valves.

10. In a motor, the combination Witha shaft having a crank,of the cylinders,'pistons therein, rods connecting the pistons, valves carried by the pistons and having valve-rods, slides belonging to said rods, vvalve-closing springs, sleeves loose on the crank-shaft and working in slots in the piston-rods, and a cam rigid on the shaft and operating against the valve-slides for opening the valves, together with valve-closing springs( IOO IIO

11. In a motor, the combination with a shaft having a crank,of the cylinders,pistonsthere in, rods connecting the pistons, valves carried by the pistons, said valves having rods, slides belonging to these rods, springs for closing the valves, a cam on the crank for opening the valves together with supply-valve devices for introducing the impelling pressure into the cylinders, a series of levers for operating said valve devices, and a cam-Wheel on the main shaft that engages and Vibrates the levers. y y

12. In a motor, the combination with a shaft having a crank, of the cylinders, pistons therein, rods connecting the pistons,valves carried by the pistons, said valves having rods, slides belonging to these rods, springs for closing the valves, a cam on the crank for opening Ithe valves, supply-valve devices for introducing the impelling pressure into the cylinders, circular pipes arranged around the cylinders for conveying the pressure to the valves, levers for operating the valve devices, said levers being pivoted, and a cam-Wheel having an irregular peripheral groove for receiving and vibrating said levers, said cani-wheel being mounted on the main shaft.

13. In a motor, the combination of a shaft, the cylinders, pistons therein, piston-rods connecting the pistons, a crank on the shaft which crank engages the piston-rods, valves in the pistons, a cam on the crank for actuating the valves, supply-valve devices for introducing the impelling pressure into the cylinders, levers for actuating these devices, a cam-Wheel on the main shaft for vibrating the levers, pumping devices for forcing the pressure to the valves, and an eccentric on the main shaft for operating said pumping devices.

14. In a motor, the combination of a crankshaft, cylinders arranged around it, pistons in the cylinders, piston-rods connecting the pistons in pairs, said piston-rods being engaged by the crankshaft, valves in the pistous, a cam for actuating them, supply-valve devices arranged at the heads ofthe cylinders, levers for operating said valve devices, said levers being pivoted, a cam-Wheel having an irregular peripheral groove that receives the ends of the levers and acts to vibrate them, pump-cylinders With their pistons and rods, an eccentric on the main shaft for actuating the pump-cylinders, and circularly-arranged delivery-pipes for carrying the impelling pressure to the supply-valve devices.

15. In a motor, the combination with a crank-shaft, of a plural arrangement of cyl inders and their pistons, piston-rods connecting said pistons in pairs and having crossslots at a right angle to their axes, valves in the pistons that are operated by slides whose edges are in the cross-slots, and means on the crank-shaft and Working in the slots against the slides for actuating the valves.

Signed atl New York city this 22d day of March, 1901. g

. JOHN E. BLAKE.

Witnesses:

F. E. TAsKER, RITA BRADT. 

